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    Down syndrome

  • 1. DOWN SYNDROME
  • 2. INTRODUCTION  Down syndrome was named after John Langdon Down  It is one of the commonest chromosomal disorders and most common identifiable cause of mental retardation  It is a condition associated with variety of congenital anomalies  Incidence in India is 2.2 per 1000 live births
  • 3.

    DEFINITION Down syndrome, also called Trisomy 21, is a genetic condition that causes delays in physical and intellectual development. There is extra genetic material from chromosome 21, so individuals with DS have 47 chromosomes in total instead of the usual 46.

  • 4. ETIOLOGY  Down syndrome is usually caused by an error in cell division called NONDISJUNCTION: I. During meiosis, one pair doesn’t divide & the whole pair goes to one daughter cell. II. In the resulting cells, one will have 24 chromosomes & the other will have 22.

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  • III. So if a sperm or egg with an abnormal of chromosomes merges with a normal mate, the resulting fertilized egg will have an abnormal no. chromosomes.

  • 5.  In Trisomy 21, one cell has two 21st chromosomes instea

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